Migrantidad. La juventud en una nueva era de deportaciones

Autores/as

Lauren Heidbrink
California State University, Long Beach, Estados Unidos
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-8047

Palabras clave:

migración, retorno de migrantes, adolescentes migrantes, condiciones económicas, condiciones sociales

Sinopsis

Migrantidad da cabida a testimonios de jóvenes que narran sus trayectorias a largo plazo de migración y deportación desde su propia perspectiva. Por medio de la investigación con niños y jóvenes indígenas en diversos espacios y geografías, en comunidades de origen en Guatemala, zonas de tránsito en México, centros de detención para menores no acompañados en los Estados Unidos, instalaciones gubernamentales que reciben niños retornados en Guatemala y comunidades de retorno, las personas cuentan cómo se enfrentan a la violencia y la discriminación cotidianas, cómo ellas y sus familias administran los poco recursos con que cuentan y toman decisiones difíciles, y cómo desarrollan y mantienen relaciones a través del tiempo y el espacio. En otras palabras, sus vidas son mucho más que sus condiciones de migrantidad. Al lado de las diversas trayectorias migratorias de los jóvenes, el libro rastrea cómo el enfoque de seguridad reforzada en el control migratorio, a menudo bajo la apariencia de «desarrollo», es un modo de gobernanza que cruza y trasciende el espacio geopolítico.

Capítulos

  • Introducción
  • Capítulo 1. Jóvenes como agentes, cuidadores y migrantes
  • Capítulo 2. Ampliando el marco
  • Capítulo 3. La gestación de una crisis
  • Capítulo 4. ¿Quédate y qué?
  • Capítulo 5. Negociación de regresos
  • Capítulo 6. Deuda y endeudamiento
  • Capítulo 7. El derecho a no migrar
  • Referencias

Citas

Agamben, G., 2005, State of Exception, vol. 2, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Anderson, B., M. J. Gibney, y E. Paoletti, 2011 , «Citizenship, Deportation and the Boundaries of Belonging», Citizenship Studies, 15(5), pp. 547-563.

Arana, A., 2005, «How the Street Gangs Took Central America», Foreign Affairs, 84(3), pp. 98-110.

Asis, M. M., 2006, «Living with Migration: Experiences of Left-Behind Children in the Philippines». Asian Population Studies, 2(1), pp. 45-67.

Baldassar, L., y L. Merla, coords., 2013, Transnational Families, Migration, and the Circulation of Care: Understanding Mobility and Absence in Family Life. Abingdon, RU, Routledge.

Bannan, R. S., 1986, «The World as Sanctuary», Cross Currents, 36(1), pp. 110-12.

Batz, G., 2017, «The Fourth Invasion: Development, Ixil-Maya Resistance, and the Struggle Against Megaprojects in Guatemala», tesis de doctorado inédita, University of Texas, Austin.

Baum, J., R. Jones y C. Berry, 2010, In the Child’s Best Interest? The Consequences of Losing a Lawful Immigrant Parent to Deportation, Collingdale, PA, Diane.

Berger Cardoso, J., K. Brabeck, D. Stinchcomb, L. Heidbrink, O. A. Price, Ó. Gil-García, T. M. Crea y L. H. Zayas, 2017, «Integration of Unaccompanied Migrant Youth in the United States: A Call for Research», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(2), pp. 1-20.

Bhabha, J. y S. Schmidt, 2008, «Seeking Asylum Alone: Unaccompanied and Separated Children and Refugee Protection in the U.S», Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth, 1(1), pp. 126-138.

Bhugra, D. y M. A. Becker, 2005, «Migration, Cultural Bereavement and Cultural Identity», World Psychiatry, 4(1), pp. 18-24.

Bilsborrow, R. E. y P. Stupp, 1997, «Demographic Processes, Land, and Environment in Guatemala», Progress in Human Geography, 33(3), pp. 355-378.

Bloch, A. y L. Schuster, 2005, «At the Extremes of Exclusion: Deportation, Detention and Dispersal», Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(3), pp. 491-512.

Boehm, D. A., 2008, «‘For My Children’: Constructing Family and Navigating the State in the U.S.-Mexico Transnation», Anthropological Quarterly, 81(4), pp. 777-802.

Boehm, D. A., 2016, Returned: Going and Coming in an Age of Deportation, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Bossen, L., 1982, «Plantations and Labor Force Discrimination in Guatemala», Current Anthropology, 23(3), pp. 263-268.

Bourbeau, P., 2011, The Securitization of Migration: A Study of Movement and Order, Londres, Taylor and Francis.

Bourgois, P., 2001, «The Power of Violence in War and Peace: Post-Cold War Lessons from El Salvador», Ethnography, 2(1), pp. 5-34.

Bourgois, P., 2009, «Recognizing Invisible Violence: A Thirty-Year Ethnographic Retrospective», en L. Whiteford, B. Rylko-Bauer, P. Farmer (coords.), Global Health in Times of Violence, Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press, pp. 18-40.

Bourgois, P. y N. Scheper-Hughes, 2004, «Comment on ‘An Anthropology of Structural Violence,’ by Paul Farmer», Current Anthropology, 45(3), pp. 317-318.

Brabeck, K. M., M. B. Lykes y R. Hershberg, 2011, «Framing Immigration to and Deportation from the United States: Guatemalan and Salvadoran Families Make Meaning of Their Experiences», Community, Work and Family, 14(3), pp. 275-296.

Brigden, N. K., 2018, «Gender Mobility: Survival Plays and Performing Central American Migration in Passage», Mobilities, 13(1), pp. 111-125.

Burns, E. B., 1986, Eadweard Muybridge in Guatemala, 1875: The Photographer as Social Recorder, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Burrell, J. L., 2013, Maya After War: Conflict, Power, and Politics in Guatemala, Austin, University of Texas Press.

Burrell, J. L. y E. Moodie, 2012, Central America in the New Millennium: Living Transition and Reimagining Democracy, Nueva York, Berghahn Books.

Burrell, J. L. y E. Moodie, 2015, «The Post-Cold War Anthropology of Central America», Annual Review of Anthropology, 44, pp. 381-400.

Butler, J., 2004, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence, Londres, Verso.

Byrne, O. y E. Miller, 2016, The Flow of Unaccompanied Children Through the Immigration System: A Resource for Practitioners, Policy Makers, and Researchers, Nueva York, Center on Immigration and Justice.

Cacho, L. M., 2012, Social Death: Racialized Rightlessness and the Criminalization of the Unprotected, Nueva York, NYU Press.

Canel, E., U. Idemudia y L. L. North, 2010, «Rethinking Extractive Industry: Regulation, Dispossession, and Emerging Claims», Canadian Journal of Development Studies/ Revue canadienne d’études du développement, 30(1-2), pp. 5-25.

Caneva, E., 2014, «Intolerant Policies and Discourses in Northern Italian Cities», Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 12(4), pp. 383-400.

Cárdenas, M., 2017, «A Central American Wound: Remapping the U.S. Borderlands in Oscar Martinez’s The Beast», en , R. Ahrens, F. Kläger, K. Stierstorfer (coords.), Symbolism 17: Latina/o Literature: The Trans-Atlantic and the Trans-American in Dialogue, Berlín, DeGruyter, pp. 13-30.

Castillo, M. Á. y R. R. Casillas, 1988, «Características básicas de la migración guatemalteca al Soconusco chiapaneco», Estudios demográficos y urbanos, 3(3), pp. 537-562.

Cebotari, V. y V. Mazzucato, 2016, «Educational Performance of Children of Migrant Parents in Ghana, Nigeria and Angola», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(5), pp. 834-856.

Choy, C. C., 2003, Empire of Care: Nursing and Migration in Filipino American History, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

Christie, N., 1986, «The Ideal Victim», en E. A. Fattah (coord.), From Crime Policy to Victim Policy, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 17-30.

Citroni, G., 2018, «The First Attempts in Mexico and Central America to Address the Phenomenon of Missing and Disappeared Migrants», International Review of the Red Cross, 99(905), pp. 1-23.

Clouser, R., 2009, «Remnants of Terror: Landscapes of Fear in Post-Conflict Guatemala», Journal of Latin American Geography, 8(2), pp. 7-22.

Coe, C., R. R. Reynolds, D. A. Boehm, J. M. Hess y H. Rae-Espinoza, coords, 2011, Everyday Ruptures: Children youth, and Migration in Global Perspective, Nashville, TN, Vanderbilt University Press.

Costello, P., 1997 , «Historical Background», en R. Sieder y R. Wilson (coords.), Negotiating Rights: The Guatemalan Peace Process, vol. 2, Londres, Conciliation Resources, pp. 10-17.

Coutin, S. B., 2005, «Being en Route», American Anthropologist, 107(2), pp. 195-206.

Coutin, S. B., 2007, Nations of Emigrants: Shifting Boundaries of Citizenship in El Salvador and the United States, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press.

Coutin, S. B., 2010, «Confined Within: National Territories as Zones of Confinement», Political Geography, 29(4), pp. 200-208.

Coutin, S. B., 2016, Exiled Home: Salvadoran Transnational Youth in the Aftermath of Violence, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

Crea, T. M., A. Lopez, T. Taylor y D. Underwood, 2017, «Unaccompanied Migrant Children in the United States: Predictors of Placement Stability in Long Term Foster Care», Children and Youth Services Review, 73, pp. 93-99.

Cruz, J. M., 2010, «Central American Maras: From Youth Street Gangs to Transnational Protection Rackets», Global Crime, 11(4), pp. 379-398.

Curran, S. R. y A. C. Saguy, 2001, «Migration and Cultural Change: A Role for Gender and Social Networks?» Journal of International Women’s Studies, 2(3), pp. 54-77.

De Genova, N., 2005, Working the Boundaries: Race, Space, and «Illegality» in Mexican Chicago, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

De Genova, N. y Peutz, N., 2010, The Deportation Regime: Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

De Graeve, K. y C. Bex, 2017, «Caringscapes and Belonging: An Intersectional Analysis of Care Relationships of Unaccompanied Minors in Belgium», Children’s Geographies, 15(1), pp. 80-92.

De Haas, H., 2010, «Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective», International Migration Review, 44(1), pp. 227-264.

De León, J., 2015, The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail, Berkeley, University of California Press.

del Valle Escalante, E., 2009, Maya Nationalisms and Postcolonial Challenges in Guatemala: Coloniality, Modernity, and Identity Politics, Santa Fe, NM, School for Advanced Research.

Diamond, I. y L. Quinby, 1988, Foucault and Feminism: Reflections on Resistance, Boston, Northeastern University Press.

Dougherty, M. L., 2011, «The Global Gold Mining Industry, Junior Firms, and Civil Society Resistance in Guatemala», Bulletin of Latin American Research, 30(4), pp. 403-418.

Dreby, J., 2010, Divided by Borders: Mexican Migrants and Their Children, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Dreby, J., 2012, «The Burden of Deportation on Children in Mexican Immigrant Families», Journal of Marriage and Family, 74(4), pp. 829-845.

Ensor, M. y E. Gozdziak, coords., 2010, Children and Migration: At the Crossroads of Resiliency and Vulnerability, Nueva York, Palgrave Macmillan.

Epstein, M. J. y K. Yuthas, 2010, «Microfinance in Cultures of Non-Repayment», Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 15(1), pp. 35-54.

Falicov, C. J., 2005, «Emotional Transnationalism and Family Identities», Family Process, 44(4), pp. 399-406.

Farmer, P., 2004, «An Anthropology of Structural Violence», Current Anthropology, 45(3), pp. 305-325.

Fischer, E. F., 2001, Cultural Logics and Global Economies: Maya Identity in Thought and Practice, Austin, University of Texas Press.

Foner, N., coord., 2009, Across Generations: Immigrant Families in America, Nueva York, NYU Press.

Foxen, P., 2007, In Search of Providence: Transnational Mayan Identities, Nashville, TN, Vanderbilt University Press.

Freire, P., 2005, Pedagogy of the Oppressed (revised), Nueva York, Continuum.

Fulmer, A. M., A. Snodgrass Godoy y P. Neff, 2008, «Indigenous Rights, Resistance, and the Law: Lessons from a Guatemalan Mine», Latin American Politics and Society, 50(4), pp. 91-121.

Galemba, R. B., 2018, «‘He Used to Be a Pollero’: The Securitization of Migration and the Smuggler/Migrant Nexus at the Mexico-Guatemala Border», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(5), pp. 870-86.

Galtung, J., 1969, «Violence, Peace, and Peace Research», Journal of Peace Research, 6(3), pp. 167-91.

Galvin, T. M., 2015, «‘We Deport Them but They Keep Coming Back’: The Normalcy of Deportation in the Daily Life of ‘Undocumented’ Zimbabwean Migrant Workers in Botswana», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(4), pp. 617-34.

Gao y., L. P. Li, J. H. Kim, N. Congdon, J. Lau y S. Griffiths, 2010, «The Impact of Parental Migration on Health Status and Health Behaviours Among Left Behind Adolescent School Children in China», BMC Public Health, 10(1), pp. 56-66.

García, M. C., 2006, Seeking Refuge: Central American Migration to Mexico, the United States, and Canada, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Gauster, S. y S. Ryan Isakson, 2007, «Eliminating Market Distortions, Perpetuating Rural Inequality: An Evaluation of Market-Assisted Land Reform in Guatemala», Third World Quarterly, 28(8), pp. 1519-1536.

Georgopoulos, A., 2005, «Beyond the Reach of Juvenile Justice: The Crisis of Unaccompanied Immigrant Children Detained by the United States», Law and Inequality, 23, pp. 117-155.

Girón, C., 2010, «Migrantes Mam entre San Marcos (Guatemala) y Chiapas (México)», en S. Caggiano, L. Caicedo y C. Girón (coords.), Niñez indígena en migración. Derechos en riesgo y tramas culturales, Quito, Ecuador, flacso/aecid/unicef.

Gomberg-Muñoz, R., 2016, «Criminalized Workers: Introduction to Special Issue on Migrant Labor and Mass Deportation», Anthropology of Work Review, 37(1), pp. 3-10.

Gonzales, R. G., 2011, «Learning to Be Illegal: Undocumented Youth and Shifting Legal Contexts in the Transition to Adulthood», American Sociological Review, 76(4), pp. 602-619.

Gonzales, R. G., 2015, Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Gonzales, R. G. y L. R. Chavez, 2012, «‘Awakening to a Nightmare’: Abjectivity and Illegality in the Lives of Undocumented 1.5-Generation Latino Immigrants in the United States», Current Anthropology, 53(3), pp. 255-81.

Grandin, G. y E. Oglesby, 2011, The Guatemala Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

Green, L., 2003, «Notes on Mayan Youth and Rural Industrialization in Guatemala», Critique of Anthropology, 23(1), pp. 51-73.

Green, L., 2010, Fear as a Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala, Nueva York, Columbia University Press.

Guyer, J., 2004, Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Haagsman, K. y V. Mazzucato, 2014, «The Quality of Parent-Child Relationships in Transnational Families: Angolan and Nigerian Migrant Parents in the Netherlands», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(11), pp. 1677-1696.

Hall, C. E., 2011, «Where Are My Children . . . and My Rights? Parental Rights Termination as a Consequence of Deportation», Duke Law Journal, 60, pp. 1459-1503.

Handy, J., 1984, Gift of the Devil: A History of Guatemala, Toronto, Between the Lines.

Hardy, C. y R. Thomas, 2015, «Discourse in a Material World», Journal of Management Studies, 52(5), pp. 680-696.

Hasselberg, I., 2018, «Fieldnotes from Cape Verde: On Deported Youth, Research Methods, and Social Change», en S. Khosravi (coord.), After Deportation, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 15-35.

Heidbrink, L., 2014, Migrant Youth, Transnational Families, and the State: Care and Contested Interests, Filadelfia, University of Pennsylvania Press.

Heidbrink, L., 2017, «Assessing Parental Fitness and Care for Unaccompanied Children», Journal of the Social Sciences, 3(4), pp. 37-52.

Heidbrink, L., 2018, «Circulation of Care Among Unaccompanied Migrant Youth from Guatemala», Children and Youth Services Review, 92, pp. 30-38.

Heidbrink, L., 2019, «The Coercive Power of Debt: Migration and Deportation of Guatemalan Indigenous Youth», Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 24(1), pp. 263-281.

Heidbrink, L. y M. Statz, 2017, «Parents of Global Youth: Contesting Debt and Belonging», Children’s Geographies, 15(5), pp. 545-557.

Hernández, C. C., 2014, «Immigration Detention as Punishment», Immigration and Nationality Law Review, 35, pp. 1346-1414.

Herrera-Sobek, M., 2012, «The Border Patrol and Their Migra Corridos: Propaganda, Genre Adaptation, and Mexican Immigration», American Studies Journal, 57, doi 10.18422/57-06.

Hochschild, A. R., 2000a, «Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus value», en W. Hutton y A. Giddens (coords.), On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism, Nueva York, Vintage Books, pp. 130-146.

Hochschild, A. R., 2000b, «The Nanny Chain», American Prospect, 11(4), pp. 32-36.

Holmes, S., 2013, Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Hondagneu-Sotelo, P., 2011, «Gender and Migration Scholarship: An Overview from a 21st- Century Perspective», Migraciones Internacionales, 6(1), pp. 219-233.

Honwana, A., 2014, «Youth, Waithood, and Protest Movements in Africa», African Dynamics in a Multipolar World: 5th European Conference on African Studies—Conference Proceedings, 2428-47, Lisboa, Centro de Estudos Internacionais do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (iscte-iul).

Horton, S. B., 2016, They Leave Their Kidneys in the Fields: Illness, Injury, and Illegality Among U.S. Farmworkers, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Instituto Nacional de Bosques (inab)/ Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegidas (conap), 2015, «Mapa forestal por tipo y subtipo de bosque, 2012, Guatemala: Informe técnico», Ciudad de Guatemala, inab/ conap, <http://www.sifgua.org.gt/Documentos/Cobertura%20Forestal/Cobertura%202012/Informe_de_Cobertura_Forestal_20_julio_15.pdf>.

Ingold, T. y J. L. Vergunst, coords., 2008, Ways of Walking: Ethnography and Practice on Foot. Farnham, Reino Unido, Ashgate.

Jonas, S., 1991, The Battle for Guatemala: Rebels, Death Squads, and U.S. Power, Abingdon, Reino Unido, Routledge.

Jonas, S. y N. Rodríguez, 2015, Guatemala-U.S. Migration: Transforming Regions, Austin, University of Texas Press.

Kanstroom, D., 2007, «Post-Deportation Human Rights Law: Aspiration, Oxymoron, or Necessity?» Stanford Journal of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, 3, pp. 195-231.

Kanstroom, D., 2012, Aftermath: Deportation Law and the New American Diaspora, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Katz, E. G., 2000, «Social Capital and Natural Capital: A Comparative Analysis of Land Tenure and Natural Resource Management in Guatemala», Land Economics, 76(1), pp. 114-132.

Khosravi, S., 2016, «Deportation as a Way of Life for Young Afghan Men», en R. Furman, D. Epps y G. Lamphear (coords.), Detaining the Immigrant Other: Global and Transnational Issues, Jericho, Reino Unido, Oxford University Press, pp. 169-181.

Khosravi, S., coord., 2018, After Deportation: Ethnographic Perspectives, Nueva York, Springer.

Kilkey, M., 2010, «Men and Domestic Labor: A Missing Link in the Global Care Chain», Men and Masculinities, 13(1), pp. 126-49.

Knippen, J., C., Boggs y M. Meyer, 2015, An Uncertain Path: Justice for Crimes and Human Rights Violations Against Migrants and Refugees in Mexico, Washington, DC, Washington Office on Latin America.

Koser, K. y K. Kuschminder, 2015, Comparative Research on the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration of Migrants, Génova, International Organization for Migration Publications.

Krznaric, R., 2006, «The Limits on Pro? Poor Agricultural Trade in Guatemala: Land, Labour and Political Power», Journal of Human Development, 7(1), pp. 111-135.

Ku, L. y S. Matani, 2001, «Left Out: Immigrants’ Access to Health Care and Insurance», Health Affairs, 20(1), pp. 247-256.

Kullgren, J. T., 2003, «Restrictions on Undocumented Immigrants’ Access to Health Services: The Public Health Implications of Welfare Reform», American Journal of Public Health, 93(10), pp. 1630-1633.

Leinaweaver, J. B., 2008, The Circulation of Children: Kinship, Adoption, and Morality in Andean Peru, Durham, NC, Duke University Press., 2013, Adoptive Migration: Raising Latinos in Spain, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

Levenson, D. T., 2013, «Adiós niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

LeVine, R. A., 2007, «Ethnographic Studies of Childhood: A Historical Overview», American Anthropologist, 109(2), pp. 247-260.

Little, W. E. y T. J. Smith, 2009, Mayas in Postwar Guatemala: Harvest of Violence Revisited, Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press.

Lovell, W. G., 1992, Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500-1821, Kingston, Ontario, McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Lovell, W. G., 2010, A Beauty that Hurts: Life and Death in Guatemala, Austin, University of Texas Press.

Lovell, W. G. y C. H. Lutz, 1994, «Conquest and Population: Maya Demography in Historical Perspective», Latin American Research Review, 29(2), pp. 133-40.

Lutz, C. H. y W. G. Lovell, 2000, «Survivors on the Move: Maya Migration in Time and Space», en J. Loucky (coord.), The Maya Diaspora: Guatemalan Roots, New American Lives, Filadelfia, Temple University Press, pp. 11-34.

Lykes, M. B., K. M. Brabeck y C. J. Hunter, 2013, «Exploring Parent-Child Communication in the Context of Threat: Immigrant Families Facing Detention and Deportation in Post-9/11 USA», Community, Work and Family, 16(2), pp. 123-146.

Lytle Hernández, K., 2010, Migra! A History of the U.S. Border Patrol, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Manz, B., 2004, Paradise in Ashes: A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Massey, D. S., 1988, «Economic Development and International Migration in Comparative Perspective», Population and Development Review, 14, pp. 383-413.

Mbembé, J. A. y L. Meintjes, 2003, «Necropolitics», Public Culture, 15(1), pp. 11-40.

McAllister, C. y D. M. Nelson, 2013, War by Other Means: Aftermath in Post-Genocide Guatemala, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

McCreery, D., 1990, «State Power, Indigenous Communities, and Land in Nineteenth- Century Guatemala, 1820-1920», en C. A. Smith y M. M. Moors (coords.), Guatemalan Indians and the State, 1540-1988, Austin, University of Texas Press, pp. 96-115.

McGovern, F. y D. Devine, 2016, «The Care Worlds of Migrant Children—Exploring Inter-Generational Dynamics of Love, Care and Solidarity Across Home and School», Childhood, 23(1), pp. 37-52.

McLeigh, J. D., 2010, «How Do Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ice) Practices Affect the Mental Health of Children?» American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(1), pp. 96-100.

«Memorandum: Implementing the President’s Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements Policies», 2017, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, febrero 20, <https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/17_0220_S1_Implementing-the -Presidents-Border-Security-Immigration-Enforcement-Improvement-Policies.pdf>.

Méndez Arriaza, C. y C. Mendoza, 2013, «Siete mitos sobre la violencia homicida en Guatemala», El Periódico, 04/02/2013, <http://www.elfaro.net/es/201302/internacionales /10873>.

Menjívar, C., 2006, «Liminal Legality: Salvadoran and Guatemalan Immigrants’ Lives in the United States», American Journal of Sociology, 111(4), pp. 999-1037.

Menjívar, C., 2011, Enduring Violence: Ladina Women’s Lives in Guatemala, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Menjívar, C. y L. Abrego, 2012, «Legal Violence: Immigration Law and the Lives of Central American Immigrants», American Journal of Sociology, 117(5), pp. 1380-1421.

Montesanti, S. R., 2015, «The Role of Structural and Interpersonal Violence in the Lives of Women: A Conceptual Shift in Prevention of Gender-Based Violence», BMC Women’s Health, 15(93), doi 10.1186/s12905-015-0247-5.

Moran-Taylor, M., 2008, «Guatemala’s Ladino and Maya Migra Landscapes: The Tangible and Intangible Outcomes of Migration», Human Organization, 67(2), pp. 111-124.

Moran-Taylor, M. J. y M. J. Taylor, 2010, «Land and Leña: Linking Transnational Migration, Natural Resources, and the Environment in Guatemala», Population and Environment, 32(2-3), pp. 198-215.

Morduch, J., 2000, «The Microfinance Schism», World Development, 28(4), pp. 617-629.

Morley, S. A., 1995, Poverty and Inequality in Latin America: The Impact of Adjustment and Recovery in the 1980s, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.

Moskal, M. y N. Tyrrell, 2016, «Family Migration Decision-Making, Step-Migration and Separation: Children’s Experiences in European Migrant Worker Families», Children’s Geographies, 14(4), pp. 453-467.

Musalo, K., L. Frydman y P. C. Cernadas, coords., 2015, Childhood and Migration in Central and North America: Causes, Policies, Practices and Challenges. Hastings Research Paper no 211, San Francisco: Center for Gender and Refugee Studies, University of California Hastings Law College. Social Science Research Network. <https://papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2834141>.

Nader, L., 1972, «Up the Anthropologist: Perspectives Gained from ‘Studying Up.’», en D. Hyms (coord.), Reinventing Anthropology, Nueva York, Random House, pp. 284-311.

Nititham, D. S., 2017, Home in Diasporic Communities, Londres, Routledge

Nolin, C. y J. Stephens, 2011, «‘We Have to Protect the Investors’: ‘Development’ and Canadian Mining Companies in Guatemala», Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(3), pp. 37-70.

O’Connor, E. y K. A. Nolan García, 2015, «The Effectiveness of Trade-Based Clauses in Improving Labor Rights Protections: The Case of the dr-cafta Labor Clause», Ciudad de México, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (cide).

Oglesby, E., 2004, «Corporate Citizenship? Elites, Labor, and the Geographies of Work in Guatemala», Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22(4), pp. 553-572.

Olwig, K. F., 1999, «Narratives of the Children Left Behind: Home and Identity in Globalised Caribbean Families», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 25(2), pp. 267-284.

Ong, A., 1999, Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

Parreñas, R. S., 2000, «Migrant Filipina Domestic Workers and the International Division of Reproductive Labor», Gender and Society, 14(4), pp. 560-580.

Parreñas, R. S., 2005, Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press.

Patler, C. y R. G. Gonzales, 2015, «Framing Citizenship: Media Coverage of Anti-Deportation Cases Led by Undocumented Immigrant Youth Organisations», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(9), pp. 1453-1474.

Pedersen, A., 2014, «Landscapes of Resistance: Community Opposition to Canadian Mining Operations in Guatemala», Journal of Latin American Geography, 13(1), pp. 187-214.

Peutz, N., 2006, «Embarking on an Anthropology of Removal», Current Anthropology, 47(2), pp. 217-241.

«Plan of the Alliance for the Prosperity of the Northern Triangle: A Road Map», 2014, Governments of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, <http://idbdocs.iadb.org/ wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=39224238>.

Prout, A. y A. James, 2003, Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood, Londres, Routledge.

Ramakrishnan, S. K. y Viramontes, C., 2010, «Civic Spaces: Mexican Hometown Associations and Immigrant Participation», Journal of Social Issues, 66(1), pp. 155-173.

Regalado, O., X. Villagrán, G. Pérez Irungaray, E. Castellanos, G. Martínez, K. Incer, V. H. Ramos, O. Molina, C. Beltetón y J. Gómez, 2012, «Mapa de cobertura forestal de Guatemala 2010 y dinámica de la cobertura forestal 2006-2010», <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281861610>.

Reyes, K. B. y J. E. Curry Rodríguez, 2012, «Testimonio: Origins, Terms, and Resources», Equity and Excellence in Education, 45(3), pp. 525-538.

Reynolds, J. F., 2013, «(Be)laboring Childhoods in Postville, Iowa», Anthropological Quarterly, 86(3), pp. 851-889.

Rietig, V. y R. D. Villegas, 2015, Stopping the Revolving Door: Reception and Reintegration Services for Central American Deportees, Washington, DC, Migration Policy Institute.

Rojas-Flores, L., M. L. Clements, J. Hwang Koo y J. London, 2017, «Trauma and Psychological Distress in Latino Citizen Children Following Parental Detention and Deportation», Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(3), pp. 352-361.

Rosas, G., 2006, «The Thickening Borderlands: Diffused Exceptionality and ‘Immigrant’ Social Struggles During the ‘War on Terror.’» Cultural Dynamics, 18(3), pp. 335-349.

Rosenblum, M. R. y I. Ball, 2016, Trends in Unaccompanied Child and Family Migration from Central America, Washington, DC, Migration Policy Institute.

Roth, B. J. y B. L. Grace, 2015, «Falling Through the Cracks: The Paradox of Post- Release Services for Unaccompanied Child Migrants», Children and Youth Services Review, 58, pp. 244-252.

Sanford, V., 2003, Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala, Nueva York, Springer.

Sassen, S., 2016, «A Massive Loss of Habitat: New Drivers for Migration», Sociology of Development, 2(2), pp. 204-233.

Schmidt, L. A. y S. Buechler, 2017, «‘I Risk Everything Because I Have Already Lost Everything’: Central American Female Migrants Speak Out on the Migrant Trail in Oaxaca, Mexico», Journal of Latin American Geography, 16(1), pp. 139-164.

Schuster, L. y N. Majidi, 2013, «What Happens Post-Deportation? The Experience of Deported Afghans», Migration Studies, 1(2), pp. 221-240.

Scrinzi, F., 2010, «Masculinities and the International Division of Care: Migrant Male Domestic Workers in Italy and France», Men and Masculinities, 13(1), pp. 44-64.

Seelke, C. R., 2016, Mexico’s Recent Immigration Enforcement Efforts, 09/03/2016,Washington, DC, Congressional Research Service.

Seelke, C. R. y K. M. Finklea, 2011, U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: The Mérida Initiative and Beyond, Washington, DC, Congressional Research Service.

Sites, W. y Vonderlack-Navarro, R., 2012, «Tipping the Scale: State Rescaling and the Strange Odyssey of Chicago’s Mexican Hometown Associations», en M. P. Smith y M. McQuarrie (coords.), Remaking Urban Citizenship: Organizations, Institutions, and the Right to the City, Comparative Urban and Community Research, vol 10, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction, pp. 151-169.

Slack, J., D. E. Martinez, A. E. Lee y S. Whiteford, 2016, «The Geography of Border Militarization: Violence, Death and Health in Mexico and the United States», Journal of Latin American Geography, 15(1), pp. 7-32.

Smith, A., R. N. Lalonde y S. Johnson, 2004, «Serial Migration and Its Implications for the Parent-Child Relationship: A Retrospective Analysis of the Experiences of the Children of Caribbean Immigrants», Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(2), p. 107.

Squire, V., 2017, «Governing Migration Through Death in Europe and the U.S.: Identification, Burial and the Crisis of Modern Humanism», European Journal of International Relations, 23(3), pp. 513-532.

Stenzel, P. L., 2009, «Free Trade and Sustainability Through the Lens of Nicaragua: How dr-cafta Should Be Amended to Promote the Triple Bottom Line», William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 34, pp. 653-743.

Stephens, S., 1995, Children and the Politics of Culture, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Stoll, D., 2012, «El Norte or Bust! How Migration Fever and Microcredit Produced a Financial Crash in a Latin American Town, Lanham, MD, Rowman and Littlefield.

Suárez-Orozco, C. y M. M. Suárez-Orozco, 2009, Children of Immigration, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.

Taylor, M. J., M. J. Moran-Taylor y D. R. Ruiz, 2006, «Land, Ethnic, and Gender Change: Transnational Migration and Its Effects on Guatemalan Lives and Landscapes», Geoforum, 37(1), pp. 41-61.

Terrio, S. J., 2015, Whose Child Am I? Unaccompanied, Undocumented Children in U.S. Immigration Custody, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Tsing, A. L., 2015, The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Turnbull, S., 2018, «Starting Again: Life After Deportation from the UK», en S. Khosravi (coord.), After Deportation, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 37-61.

Turner, V., 1987, «Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites of Passage», en C. C. Crocker (coord.), Betwixt and Between: Patterns of Masculine and Feminine Initiation, Chicago, Open Court, pp. 3-19.

Tyner, J. y J. Inwood, 2014, «Violence as Fetish: Geography, Marxism, and Dialectics», Progress in Human Geography, 38(6), pp. 771-784.

Uehling, G., 2008, «Children’s Migration and the Politics of Compassion», Anthropology News, 49(5), pp. 8-10.

Valencia Y., 2017, «Risk and Security on the Mexico-to-U.S. Migrant Journey: Women’s Testimonios of Violence», Gender, Place and Culture, 24(11), pp. 1530-1548.

Van Hear, N., 1998, New Diasporas: Mass Exodus, Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities, Seattle, University of Washington Press.

Vega, L. A., 2016, Mexico’s Not-So-Comprehensive Southern Border Plan, Issue Brief for the Mexico Center, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston.

Vega, L. A., 2017, Policy Adrift: Mexico’s Southern Border Program, Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston.

Veltmeyer, H., J. Petras y S. Vieux, 2016, Neoliberalism and Class Conflict in Latin America: A Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment, Nueva York, Springer.

Vogt, W. A., 2013, «Crossing Mexico: Structural Violence and the Commodification of Undocumented Central American Migrants», American Ethnologist, 40(4), pp. 764-780., 2018, Lives in Transit: Violence and Intimacy on the Migrant Journey, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Walter, M. y L. Urkidi, 2017, «Community Mining Consultations in Latin America (2002-2012), The Contested Emergence of a Hybrid Institution for Participation», Geoforum, 84, pp. 265-279.

Warren, K. B., 2018, «Interpreting la violencia in Guatemala: Shapes of Mayan Silence and Resistance», en K. B. Warren (coord.), The Violence Within, Abingdon, Reino Unido, Routledge, pp. 25-56.

Wessler, S. F., 2011, Shattered Families: The Perilous Intersection of Immigration Enforcement and the Child Welfare System, Nueva York y Oakland, Center for Racial Justice Innovation. Applied Research Center (now Race Forward) <https://www.raceforward.org /research/reports/shattered-families?arc=1>.

White, A., C. Ní Laoire, N. Tyrrell y F. Carpena-Mendez, 2011, «Children’s Roles in Transnational Migration», Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(8), pp. 1159-1170.

Willen, S. S., 2007, «Exploring ‘Illegal’ and ‘Irregular’ Migrants’ Lived Experiences of Law and State Power», International Migration, 45(3), pp. 2-7.

Woodhead, M. y H. Montgomery, 2002, Understanding Childhood: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Hoboken, NJ, Wiley.

Yarris, K. E., 2017,Care Across Generations: Solidarity and Sacrifice in Transnational Families, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press.

Ybarra, M., 2016, «‘Blind Passes’ and the Production of Green Security Through Violence on the Guatemalan Border», Geoforum, 69, pp. 194-206.

Yeates, N., 2009, Globalizing Care Economies and Migrant Workers: Explorations in Global Care Chains, Basingstoke, Reino Unido, Palgrave Macmillan.

Zarsky, L. y L. Stanley, 2013, «Can Extractive Industries Promote Sustainable Development? A Net Benefits Framework and a Case Study of the Marlin Mine in Guatemala», Journal of Environment and Development, 22(2), pp. 131-154.

Zatz, M. S. y N. Rodriguez, 2015, Dreams and Nightmares: Immigration Policy youth, and Families, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Zayas, L. H., 2015, Forgotten Citizens: Deportation, Children, and the Making of American Exiles and Orphans. Oxford, Reino Unido, Oxford University Press.

Zayas, L. H., K. M. Brabeck, L. C. Heffron, J. Dreby, E. J. Calzada, J. R. Parra-Cardona, J. R. Dettlaff, L. Heidbrink, K. M. Perreira y H. Yoshikawa, 2017, «Charting Directions for Research on Immigrant Children Affected by Undocumented Status», Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 39(4), pp. 412-435.

Zilberg, E., 2007, «Refugee Gang Youth: Zero Tolerance and the Security State in Contemporary U.S.-Salvadoran Relations», en S. A. Venkatesh y R. Kassimir (coords.), Youth, Globalization, and the Law, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, pp. 61-89.

Zilberg, E., 2011, Space of Detention: The Making of a Transnational Gang Crisis Between Los Angeles and San Salvador, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.

Zimmermann, W. y M. Fix, 2014, «Immigration and Welfare Reforms in the United States Through the Lens of Mixed-Status Families», en S. Cohen, B. Humphries y E. Mynott (coords.), From Immigration Controls to Welfare Controls, Nueva York, Routledge, pp. 59-79.

Zúñiga, V. y E. T. Hamann, 2009, «Sojourners in Mexico with U.S. School Experience: A New Taxonomy for Transnational Students», Comparative Education Review, 53(3), pp. 329-353.

Publicado

1 mayo 2021

Colección

Licencia

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Detalles sobre el formato de publicación disponible: Impreso

Impreso

ISBN-13 (15)

978-607-30-4493-6

Dimensiones físicas

15.5cm x 23cm x 1cm